金属丝网对甲烷/空气预混火焰管道内传播的影响

为研究管道内金属丝网对甲烷/空气预混火焰传播的影响，通过实验和三维数值模拟研究安装金属丝网的管道内火焰传播特性以及流场、温度场的变化。结果表明:40目4层的金属丝网可以使火焰淬熄，30目4层的金属丝网无法淬熄，但可以使火焰停滞3 ms；大涡模型可以很好地对管道内火焰淬熄现象进行模拟；当火焰穿过30目4层金属丝网时，速度增大，在Kelvin Helmholtz不稳定和Rayleigh Taylor不稳定的耦合作用下形成湍流；金属丝网的目数会影响热量在丝网层中的扩散，当金属丝网为30目4层时，火焰热量扩散快，而当金属丝网为40目4层时，火焰热量扩散慢且温度大幅度衰减，衰减率达到83%。     

Diversity of methanotrophs in a simulated modified biocover reactor

A simulated landfill biocover microcosm consisting of a modifying ceramsite material and compost were investigated. Results show that the mixture can improve the material porosity and achieve a stable and highly efficient (100%) methane oxidation over an extended operating period. The diversity of the methanotrophic community in the microcosm was assessed. Type I methanotrophs were enhanced in the microcosm due to the increased air diffusion and distribution, whereas the microbial diversity and population density of type II methanotrophs were not significantly affected. Moreover, the type I methanotrophic community structure significantly varied with the reactor height, whereas that of type II methanotrophic communities did not exhibit a spatial variation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that type I methanotroph-based nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) resulted in the detection of eight different populations, most of which are related to Methylobacter sp., whereas that of type II resulted in the detection of nine different populations, most of which are related to Methylocystaceae. Methanotrophic community analysis also indicated that a number of new methanotrophic genera not closely related to any known methanotrophic populations were present.     

多孔混凝土及其在生态护坡工程中的应用

多孔混凝土具有连续孔隙,空隙率约为15%～30%,具有良好的透水性和透气性。多孔混凝土生态护坡技术是一种新型的绿色生态型护坡技术,融合建筑材料、生态工程和环境工程等多门学科,集水土保持、生态修复于一体,实现了水利工程护坡技术和生态环境修复技术的完美统一。     

钙基脱硫剂孔隙网络动态生成特性

钙基脱硫剂孔隙结构特性直接影响到脱硫效果及脱硫剂的利用率,对其空间网络特性的描述将有助于分析SO2的扩散及反应特性. 在石灰石分解动力学和烧结机理的基础上,结合固体分解的成核机理,运用Monte-Carlo 方法,建立了脱硫剂孔隙网络的动态生成模型,对钙基脱硫剂分解形成的孔隙结构进行了动态模拟,并对生成孔结构的分形特性进行研究.结果表明,运用动态生成模型,可以给出石灰石分解形成的CaO内部孔隙的微观空间结构,且模拟生成的孔隙网络的分形维数与实验测定值基本吻合.     

生物陶粒——硅藻土联合工艺脱氮除磷

试验采用硅藻土和生物接触氧化组合工艺处理污水处理厂出水,氨氮从10mg／L下降到0．5mg／L以下,去除率70～95％;硅藻土澄清池对总磷的去除率高于95％;且对浊度、色度均有良好的去除效果。     

粉煤灰多孔陶粒在水处理中的应用研究

研究采用电厂的粉煤灰为主要原料制备多孔陶粒,分别将其用作水处理中的微生物载体和吸附剂。挂膜结果表明:COD、氨氮这两项指标的出水基本稳定,去除率高。用多孔陶粒作吸附剂处理含铬废水时,等温吸附实验表明,多孔陶粒吸附水中的铬的等温方程基本符合Langmiur等温方程式,在pH值为酸性时对铬的去除率较高。用HCl和NaOH溶液再生多孔陶粒,酸的效果更好。     

氚在黏土矿物等多孔介质中的滞留机制

通过电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP)、热重(TG)等分析方法对黏土矿物的结构成分、加热特性等进行了检测;通过蒸馏冷凝等实验,实现了对吸附后黏土矿物的吸附水、层间水、结构水的分离,检测了氚在黏土矿物结构内外各类型水中的分布;通过红外吸收光谱(IR)等分析方法对氚在黏土矿物结构中的吸附位置及形态进行了检测研究;通过同位素效应...     

生物膜对饱和多孔介质渗透性影响的实验和模型研究

为了解微生物生长过程中生物堵塞对二维饱和多孔介质渗透性的影响,采用C190石英砂箱(55 cm×45 cm×1.28 cm)进行室内渗流实验,研究混合菌群KB-1在充足营养源条件下的生长情况及生物膜对饱和多孔介质渗透性的影响.实验监测了砂箱水溶液中悬浮生物量及颗粒表面附着生物量,利用共焦激光扫描技术观测了颗粒表面形成的...     

Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.     

污泥膜覆盖好氧发酵堆体流场模拟及应用研究简

运用Gambit软件建立了污泥好氧发酵堆体的多孔介质模型，通过自行设计的实验装置获得了堆体的通风粘性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数以及功能膜压差与透气量之间的关系，用Fluent软件分析了堆体不同截面形状及底部通风管数量对堆体通风均匀性的影响，为确定合理的通风管数量及截面几何形状提供理论依据。对上海奉贤区城镇污水厂污泥处理工程发酵仓进行堆体流场模拟，确定堆体采用小拱形截面形状，堆高2 m，宽8 m，底部设置4条通风管，实际运行效果良好。